【非谓语动词的用法总结】在英语学习中,非谓语动词是一个非常重要的语法点。它包括不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing/done)。这些形式虽然不充当句子的谓语动词,但在句中承担着不同的语法功能,使用频率高且结构灵活。掌握它们的用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。
下面是对非谓语动词的用法进行系统的总结,并结合表格形式进行清晰展示。
一、非谓语动词的基本形式
类型 | 原形 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
不定式 | to do | — | — |
动名词 | doing | doing | done |
现在分词 | — | doing | — |
过去分词 | — | — | done |
二、非谓语动词的常见用法
1. 不定式(to do)
- 作主语:
To learn English is important.
(学英语很重要。)
- 作宾语:
I want to go home.
(我想回家。)
- 作表语:
My job is to teach students.
(我的工作是教学生。)
- 作定语:
I have a book to read.
(我有一本书要读。)
- 作状语:
He came here to see you.
(他来这里是为了见你。)
- 作补语:
I asked him to leave.
(我让他离开。)
- 固定搭配:
be afraid to do, decide to do, hope to do, refuse to do 等。
2. 动名词(doing)
- 作主语:
Swimming is good for health.
(游泳对健康有益。)
- 作宾语:
I enjoy reading books.
(我喜欢读书。)
- 作表语:
His hobby is painting.
(他的爱好是绘画。)
- 作定语:
A walking stick is useful.
(一根拐杖是有用的。)
- 作介词宾语:
She is interested in learning Chinese.
(她对学中文感兴趣。)
- 固定搭配:
look forward to doing, be used to doing, give up doing 等。
3. 现在分词(doing)
- 作定语:
The girl playing football is my sister.
(正在踢足球的女孩是我的姐姐。)
- 作状语:
Seeing the accident, he called the police.
(看到事故后,他拨打了警察。)
- 作宾语补足语:
I saw her running in the park.
(我看到她在公园里跑步。)
- 作表语:
The movie is exciting.
(这部电影很令人兴奋。)
4. 过去分词(done)
- 作定语:
The book written by him is popular.
(他写的那本书很受欢迎。)
- 作状语:
Given more time, we could finish it.
(如果多给些时间,我们就能完成。)
- 作宾语补足语:
I had my hair cut.
(我剪了头发。)
- 作表语:
The door was locked.
(门锁着。)
三、非谓语动词的常见误用对比
正确用法 | 错误用法 | 说明 |
I like swimming. | I like to swim. | 两者都正确,但swimming更自然 |
She is interested in learning. | She is interested in to learn. | 介词后接动名词 |
He was seen running. | He was seen to run. | 过去分词表示被动或完成 |
I heard her singing. | I heard her to sing. | 现在分词表示动作正在进行 |
The problem solved is easy. | The problem to solve is easy. | 过去分词作定语表示被动 |
四、总结
非谓语动词在英语中应用广泛,其形式多样,用法灵活。掌握它们的语法功能和常见搭配,有助于提升语言表达的准确性和地道性。通过不断练习和积累,可以更加熟练地运用这些结构,使写作和口语表达更加丰富和自然。
表格总结:非谓语动词用法一览
非谓语形式 | 主要功能 | 示例 |
to do | 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语 | I want to go. |
doing | 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语 | Swimming is fun. |
doing | 状语、宾语补足语、表语 | I saw him running. |
done | 定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语 | The book written by her is good. |
通过以上总结,希望你能更清晰地理解非谓语动词的用法,避免常见错误,提高英语水平。